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https://askubuntu.com/q/1295767
Title:
How to execute a script, line by line, for troubleshooting purposes?
ID:
/2020/11/27/How-to-execute-a-script_-line-by-line_-for-troubleshooting-purposes_
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November 27, 2020
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October 19, 2025
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From Stack overflow:
set -x or set -o xtrace expands variables and prints a little + sign before the line.
set -v or set -o verbose does not expand the variables before printing.
Use set +x and set +v to turn off the above settings.
On the first line of the script, one can put #!/bin/sh -x (or -v) to have the same effect as set -x (or -v) later in the script.
The above also works with /bin/sh.
See the bash-hackers’ wiki on set attributes, and on debugging.
$ cat shl
#!/bin/bash
DIR=/tmp/so
ls $DIR
$ bash -x shl
+ DIR=/tmp/so
+ ls /tmp/so
$